Mutagenesis effect on seed yield and some of its components in several varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
2023
Abeer Hasan Jubily
This research was carried out as a collaboration work between Tishreen University and Lattakia Research Center of the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) during 2017-2022. induced mutants of two kabuli chickpea varieties viz. Ghab 4and Ghab 5were carried out using Three gamma irradiation doses (15, 20 and 25 KR), and three EMS concentrations (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4%), to create genetic variability, and subsequent selection of mutants. a laboratory experiment was conducted to obtain useful information about germination percentage and survival ratio, the variety Ghab 5 seemed to be more sensitive than the variety Ghab 4 to both mutagens. After treating the seed with the selected dose treated seeds along with nontreated control were grown as M1 generation in the field. Based on MI plant survival in the field, the order of radiation sensitivity appeared to be similar to that of laboratory experiment. All the surviving M1 plants were harvested individually. The M2 generation was grown on M 1 plant to row progeny basis in winter 2018 and morphological mutants were isolated. The results indicated that the gamma irradiation and EMS differ in their mutation spectrum. The appearance of chlorophyll mutants gives a good indication that other morphological mutants will occur in a fairly good proportion. The highest frequency of morphological mutants was recorded for Ghab 4 variety. The mutagenic treatments induced mutations affecting plant height, growth habit, branching, leaf type, flowering and maturity, seed and pod type. The most notable mutants were those having large-seed size and bushy mutant type (from Ghab 4 variety) and various leaves and seeds that increase the genetic resources of breeding programme. Observations were made on randomly selected individual plants from M2 population to quantify the rate of variation resulted from M2 population viz. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches, number of fertile branches, growth habit, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight and seeds weight per plant. Maximum coefficient of variation was recorder for seeds weight per plant, number of pods per plant and seeds per plant in the two varieties. Evaluation of M3 generation was initiated on a family basis compared to control through winter 2020, the same Observations as the previous generation were recorded, in addition to the protein content of the seeds. The results indicated that mutagens treatments on a family basis resulted in 28 mutants in Ghab 4 and 17 mutants in Ghab 5 which were superior in seed yield and morphological characteristics over the control. Seed weight per plant had significant and positive correlation with number of primary branches, fertile branches, pods per plant and seeds per plant. Path coefficient analysis revealed that compared to the trait variables, number of fertile branches contributed largely to seed yield followed by number of primary branches, pods per plant and seeds per plant in the mutant families. Number of pods and number of seeds per plant had the largest positive indirect effect on seed yield via number of fertile branches strengthening the direct effect of fertile branches per plant in Ghab 4 variety, conversely, number of pods per plant contributed largely to seed yield in Ghab5 mutant populations followed by seeds per plant. Number of seeds per plant and fertile branches per plant had the largest positive indirect effect via number of pods per plant strengthening the direct effect of pods per plant. RAPD analysis was applied on chickpea varieties and selected families in the third mutant generation M3 to assess the degree of polymorphism, using 10 randomprimers, A total of 192 bands scored of which were polymorphic with an average of 40.58 percentage polymorphism for Gab4 variety and its selected families, and an average of 22.82 percentage polymorphism for Gab5 variety in the M3 generation. cluster analysis of the genetic dendrogram based on the RAPD data led to divide Gab.4 variety and its families into 12 main groups, the first main group contained Gab.4 variety and the selected mutant families fa.6-2, fa.27-2, fa.28-5, fa.31-7, fa.32- 2, fa.17-15 and fa.35-13, the second group contained the selected family fa.15-4, the third group contained the family fa.15-6, the fourth group contained the family fa.26- 1, while the fifth group contained the family fa.26-2, the sixth group contained the family fa.101-7, the seventh group contained the family fa.27-1, also the eighth group contained the selected families fa.27-7 and fa.27-3, the ninth group contained the family fa.27-8, the tenth group contained the family fa.12-, the eleventh group contained the family fa.12-6, and the last group contained the family fa.110-7. Also, the cluster analysis led to divide Gab.5 variety and its selected families into 7 different groups. the first group contained Gab.5 variety and the selected mutant families fa. 2-4, fa. 2-6, fa. 2-10, fa. 48-4, fa. 9- 1, fa. 10-7, fa.11-2, fa.16-9, fa.10-5, fa.13-8 and fa.16-8, the second group contained the selected family fa. 18-8, the third group contained the family fa. 45-5, the fourth group contained the family fa. 9-10, while the fifth group contained the family fa. 19-1, the sixth group contained the family fa. 21-2, the seventh group contained the family fa. 3-1. This indicates that the availability of the resulting desirable mutants can providing a good prospect in developing improved chickpea variety, in addition to generating genetic variation, which enriches the genetic resources of chickpea.
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Bibliographic information
Publisher
Tishreen University Faculty of Agriculture Engineering
Other Subjects
Chickpea; Gamma rays; Dendrogram; Seed yield
Language
Arabic
Note
References
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