Lignin/zirconium phosphate/ionic liquids-based proton conducting membranes for high-temperature PEM fuel cells applications
2022
Tawalbeh, Muhammad | Al-Othman, Amani | Ka'ki, Ahmad | Farooq, Afifa | Alkasrawi, Malek
This work reports the fabrication of lignin-zirconium phosphate-based membranes modified with ionic liquids (ILs) for high-temperature operation in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The Lignin-modified membranes demonstrated a noticeable enhancement in proton conductivity as opposed to pure zirconium phosphate-based membranes by one order of magnitude at room temperature, i.e., from 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻³ S/cm, respectively. Further enhancements in conductivity were observed upon the addition of ionic liquids. Among the three ILs evaluated in this work, the Hexyl-based ionic liquid resulted in the highest conductivity at room temperature, 10⁻¹ S/cm. The membranes showed considerably high anhydrous proton conductivities in the range of 10⁻³–10⁻⁴ S/cm at 150 °C. Additional characterization tests showed considerable water uptake enhancement, high thermal stability, and changes in particles’ morphology. The findings of this work show the suitability of these membranes for high-temperature operation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
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