Drug delivery of sofosbuvir drug capsulated with the β-cyclodextrin basket loaded on chitosan nanoparticle surface for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)

The present work-study the improvement of the loading and release efficiency of sofosbuvir drug (SOF) for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) by the combination process with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) basket to form a novel self-assembly βCD-SOF which load on the chitosan nanoparticle (Cs NPs) to form a novel hybrid composite (Cs@βCD-SOF). The characterization process performs for confirming the formation of hybrid composite with various methods. The loading efficiency of SOF is performed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, which is reported at 94.54% for Cs@βCD-SOF, while in the reverse case the efficiency is βCD-SOF@Cs 65.2%. The binding constant (Kb) was reported at 1.33 ± 0.02, and 0.1069 ± 0.03 min⁻¹for Cs@βCD-SOF and βCD-SOF@Cs, respectively. The release process of SOF is reported by UV–Vis spectra at 271 nm with 30 min intervals, at pH 7.4 the release efficiency is 67% after 6 h, and 78% after 21 h, while it gave 61% release efficiency at pH 6.8 after time 6 h, and 63% after 21 h. The cytotoxicity assay of the SOF capsulated hybrid materials (βCD-SOF and Cs@βCD-SOF) has been detected with three different types of cell lines like mouse normal liver cells (BNL), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). SRB method for the quick screening is used for the cytotoxicity assay of the SOF capsulated materials, where the examined composites appear a safety status and high viability against the examined cell line. The FRAP method is used to detect the antioxidant activities of SOF capsulated materials. The recommendation for using a safe alternative SOF drug based on Cs NPs and βCD which give on loading and release efficiency compared to SOF drugs, but the clinical trials are an important step.