In-Depth Insight into the Chemical Composition of Bio-oil from Hydroliquefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass in Supercritical Ethanol with a Dispersed Ni-Based Catalyst
2016
Li, Qingyin | Liu, Dong | Wu, Pingping | Song, Linhua | Wu, Chongchong | Liu, Jing | Shang, Xiaomin | Yan, Zifeng | Subhan, Fazle
A comprehensive compositional analysis was conducted on biofuel obtained from woody biomass hydroliquefaction in supercritical ethanol with a dispersed Ni-based catalyst. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to analyze the bio-oil compositions, and the results indicated the presence of carboxylic acid, ethyl ester, aldehyde, ketone, phenol, and its derivatives. As a result of the inherent limitations of these techniques, an intensive compositional characterization of bio-oil was accomplished through Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The results revealed that the dominant oxygen-containing compounds were O₂–O₁₃ with double bond equivalent (DBE) values of 1–20 and carbon numbers of 10–25. The minor N₁Oₓ class species with 4–15 carbon numbers and 10–35 DBE were also detected. The use of FT-ICR MS provided an in-depth compositional analysis of liquefaction-derived oil and would improve the understanding of biocrude for further process upgrading.
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