Magnetic field–influenced nanofiltration membrane blended by CS–EDTA–mGO as multi–functionality green modifier to enhance nanofiltration performance, efficient removal of Na2SO4/Pb2+/RR195 and cyclic wastewater treatment
2021
Salahshoor, Zienab | Shahbazi, Afsaneh | Maddah, Saeid
Magnetic field–influenced nanofiltration membrane by blending of magnetic multi–functionality green modifier (CS–EDTA–mGO) was fabricated via phase inversion processes. Migration of superparamagnetic nanofiller particles into top surface layer of M6 NF–membrane by incorporating external magnetic–filed during casting phase improved the hydrophilicity, as well as formation of large pores diameters (1.57 nm) which offer a flux enhancement (84.2 kg/m²h), excellent fouling resistance (Rᵣ of 26.4%, Rₜ of 39.4% and Rᵢᵣ of 25.0%) and highest flux recovery ratio (75.9%). The order of salt rejection for all modified NF–membranes was Na₂SO₄ > MgSO₄ > NaCl and the efficiency of the membranes to reject salts follows the order of M6 > M4 > M0. The performance of M6 as magnetic field–influenced membrane in rejection of RR195 and MB was 21% and 42% higher than unblended membrane (M0), respectively. The highest removal efficiency of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ observed for M6 (98.2% and 93.6%, respectively). M6 was more efficient in concurrent removing pollutants from mixed–solute feed. In this case, the existing of Na₂SO₄ enhanced the retention of RR195 from 97.2% to 99.3%. Long–term operation tests demonstrated the excellent stability of M6 for 18 h filtration with a limited reduction in rejection and water flux of single salt solution. M6 membrane has found potential application in cyclic textile wastewater treatment which the water flux was found to be constant over 3–repeated filtration cycles.
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