3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol Monoesters Food Contaminant Analysis in Palm Oil-Based Food Samples Using C18-Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with GC-FID
2021
Jumali, Nur Hasanah Mohd | Ganesan, Shangeetha | Yahaya, Noorfatimah | Miskam, Mazidatulakmam
3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) monoesters are a form of 3-MCPD esters known as potential food contaminant that may occur in a variety of food samples. A dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) was developed to provide clean-up and pre-concentration in the determination of 1-palmitoyl-3-MCPD and 1-oleoyl-3-MCPD prior to gas chromatography-flame ionization detector analysis (GC-FID). Dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) involves the direct addition of C₁₈ sorbent into the sample solution and the subsequent collection of the aqueous solution. After separation of target analytes with matrices, the analytes were quantified using GC-FID. Under optimum conditions (6 mL of 80:20 v/v of ACN; ethyl acetate as extraction solvent, 10 mg of C₁₈ sorbent, 10 µL of reconstituted solvent volume, and 300 µL of sample volume), the proposed method was validated and the calibration curve was found to be linear with R² > 0.998. The limit of detection (LOD) of 1.03 mg L⁻¹ and 2.00 mg L⁻¹ were obtained for 1-palmitoyl-3-MCPD and 1-oleoyl-3-MCPD, respectively, whereby the limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained for 1-palmitoyl-3-MCPD and 1-oleoyl-3-MCPD were 3.43 mg L⁻¹ and 6.68 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The developed method was applied to seven palm oil-based food samples where the amount of 3-MCPD detected was higher than recommended by the European Food Safety and Authority (ESFA). The recoveries for spiked samples ranged from 59.3 to 115.9% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for inter-day and intra-day was less than 15%. The method was applied for the determination of 3-MCPD monoesters in palm oil-based food samples.
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