Planting Date and Seed Treatment Effects on Soybean in the Northeastern United States
2008
Cox, William J. | Shields, Elson | Cherney, Jerome H.
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production is limited in the northeastern United States so research on optimum planting date is scarce. Soybean production in this region may increase because of biodiesel demand so we initiated a 2-yr study in New York that compared soybean planting dates with and without seed-applied fungicide/insecticide treatments. Soybean planted in mid- compared with late May had a longer emergence time (15 and 6 d) and lower plant densities (35.6 and 39.5 plants m⁻²), but produced more pods side branch⁻¹ (7.4 and 5.5), which contributed to more pods plant⁻¹ (30.9 and 25.7) and pods m⁻² (1079 and 958, respectively). The late compared with mid-May planting date, however, had more seeds pod⁻¹ (2.28 and 2.19), which contributed to similar seeds m⁻² (2180 and 2357) and seed yield (3.8 and 3.9 Mg ha⁻¹, respectively). Soybean planted in mid-June compared with mid-May had more plants m⁻² (38.0) but fewer pods side branch⁻¹ (3.4), pods plant⁻¹ (22.5), pods m⁻² (879), seeds m⁻² (1 910), and lower seed yield (3.5 Mg ha⁻¹). Seed treatments did not affect plant density, pod density, and seed yield, but had inconsistent effects on seeds pod⁻¹, seeds m⁻², and seed mass. The results of this study indicate that there is a fairly broad optimum planting date range and that insecticide/fungicide seed treatment is not required for soybean production in the northeastern United States, but more research is necessary to corroborate these findings.
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