Effects of corn (Zea mays L.) on the local and overall root development of young rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muel. Arg)
2010
Gonkhamdee, Santimaitree | Pierret, Alain | Maeght, Jean-Luc | Serra, Valérie | Pannengpetch, Krirk | Doussan, Claude | Pagès, Loic
Understanding better the interactions between root systems in associated crops is significant for basic knowledge in plant science and to help designing cropping systems. Current research on inter-specific root interactions concentrates on static descriptions of the horizontal extension of root systems or on the dynamics of provoked root encounters. This study considers detailed observations of the dynamics of inter-specific root interactions, in the vertical plane, at both the whole root system and the individual root levels. Corn and young rubber trees were grown in association in artificial conditions that excluded the possibility of competition for resources, using rhizoboxes, i.e. thin containers with a transparent wall. The paper presents novel approaches, such as the study of root system growth trajectories, to document root system development in terms of overall growth rate, colonization of soil space and individual root growth patterns. It was found that (i) corn roots developed towards rubber roots until a contact was established, (ii) rubber roots expanded faster and more vertically in association with corn, (iii) the expansion rates of both root systems varied concomitantly and (iv) inter-specific root encounters resulted in reduced elongation rates in both species. Implications of these results for corn/rubber inter-cropping are discussed. This work advocates in favour of a better understanding of under-ground facilitative effects between species. If understood enough to be manipulated, such knowledge might become a powerful tool for the design of more sustainable and efficient cropping systems.
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