Food waste valorization advocating Circular Bioeconomy - A critical review of potentialities and perspectives of spent coffee grounds biorefinery
2019
Zabaniotou, Anastasia | Kamaterou, Paraskevi
Waste biorefineries are instrumental for advocating Circular Bioeconomy. Food waste valorization is a goal of sustainable development, gaining high interest in resolving environmental and resources challenges. Coffee use generates massive quantities of spent coffee grounds (SCG), a resource rich in fatty acids, amino acids, polyphenols, minerals, and polysaccharides. This review aims to shed light on the potentialities, prospects, and challenges of the transition from a mono-process to a cascade SCG biorefinery, in a circular economy thinking. It was found that mono-process approaches of SCG extraction have been investigated by many researchers, while SGC biorefining approaches are still at an early stage of research. Studies on SCG biorefineries, their environmental and economic assessment are few in the literature, therefore imitations in extrapolating information and comparing the results were faced. It was made evident that more studies are needed on the economic assessment of the mono-process SCG break down, at higher Technology Reediness Level (TRL) for realistic assessments. Efficient conversion of SCG in a cascade biorefinery depends on the spectrum of various end-products and cost-effective processing schemes. Lipids and/or polysaccharides extraction followed by the conversion of by-streams to energy and biochar, in a closing loop concept, has good potentialities. The review allowed the exploration of knowledge-based strategies to unlock the potential of SCG for bio-derived chemicals, carbon materials, fuels and fertilizer production and probably impacting waste management regulations. Some guidelines for the sustainable design of SCG biorefineries were provided.
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