Ultrasensitive and Selective Determination of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Using Multifunctional Ultrathin Amino-Functionalized Ti₃C₂-MXene Nanosheets
2020
Wu, Qiong | Li, Ningbo | Wang, Ying | Xu, Yanchao | Wu, Jiandong | Jia, Guangri | Ji, Fujian | Fang, Xuedong | Chen, Fangfang | Cui, Xiaoqiang
Herein, we report on a two-dimensional amino-functionalized Ti₃C₂-MXene (N–Ti₃C₂-MXene)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for detecting carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) utilizing a sandwich format signal amplification strategy. Our biosensor employs an N-Ti₃C₂-MXene nanosheet-modified sensing platform and a signal enhancer comprising N-Ti₃C₂-MXene-hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNPs)-staphylococcal protein A (SPA) complexes. Ultrathin Ti₃C₂-MXene nanosheets were synthesized and functionalized with aminosilane to provide a hydrophilic-biocompatible nanoplatform for covalent immobilization of the monoclonal anti-CEA capture antibody (Ab₁). The N-Ti₃C₂-MXene/HGNPs nanohybrids were synthesized and further decorated with SPA to immobilize the polyclonal anti-CEA detection antibody (Ab₂) and serve as signal enhancers. The capture of CEA followed by the formation of the Ab₂-conjugated SPA/HGNPs/N-Ti₃C₂-MXene sandwiched nanocomplex on the SPR chip results in the generation of a response signal. The fabricated N-Ti₃C₂-MXene-based SPR biosensor exhibited a linear detection range of 0.001–1000 PM with a detection limit of 0.15 fM. The proposed biosensor showed high sensitivity and specificity for CEA in serum samples, which gives it application potential in the early diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. We believe that this work also opens new avenues for development of MXene-based highly sensitive biosensors for determining various biomolecules.
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