The interaction of cigarette smoking, oral contraceptive use, and cardiovascular risk factor variables in children: The Bogalusa heart study
1982
Extract: Two surveys were conducted in a biracial population of children ages 8 to 17 years to determine the effects of cigarette smoking and oral contraceptive use on blood pressure and serum lipids and lipoproteins. For white boys and white and black girls, a small but statistically significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure levels was noted for cigarette smokers when compared to non-smokers. A significant increase among cigarette smokers in beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides as well as a decrease in alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol was noted, especially for white girls. This change in lipoprotein levels for cigarette smokers was noted in both surveys. Oral contraceptive users had higher total cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and lower alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol than nonusers. After adjusting for oral-contraceptive use, cigarette smokers still demonstrated high pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and lower alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol levels than non-smokers, particularly among white girls. These results suggest that the lipid and lipoprotein response to cigarette smoking and oral contraceptive use is to increase cardiovascular risk. (author/ds)
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