Characterization of transcriptional responses to genomovirus infection of the white mold fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
2022
Soybean leaf associated gemygorvirus-1 (SlaGemV-1) is a CRESS-DNA virus classified in the family Genomoviridae, which causes hypovirulence and abolishes sclerotia formation in infected fungal species. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the induction of hypovirulence, genome-wide of gene expression was compared between the virus free and SlaGemV-1-infected Sclerotinia sclerotiorum strain DK3. Overall, 5,026 genes were differentially expressed with ~50.6% upregulated and 49.4% downregulated (p = 0.05). Differential expression shows changes in genes related to pathogenicity, including plant cell wall degradation, signal cascades, transcription factors, environmental interaction, ROS suppression, sclerotia formation, and secreted proteins. Most of the cell-cycle genes, DNA repair and replication pathways showed up-regulation, and a part of the ubiquitylation pathways was also upregulated under SlaGemV-1 infection. Additionally, silencing pathways genes are downregulated in the three RdRp genes while upregulated in argonaute-4 only. Interestingly, genes relating to oxalic acid biosynthesis do not show differential expression, but the oxalate decarboxylase 1 & 2 genes necessary for oxalate catabolism do show down-regulation. Furthermore, TEM imaging reveals virus particles collected in large numbers along the inner membrane maintained within vesicles, suggesting endocytosis as the route of horizonal transmission.
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