Toxicity assessment of 45 pesticides to the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida
2012
Wang, Yanhua | Wu, Shenggan | Chen, Liping | Wu, Changxing | Yu, Ruixian | Wang, Qiang | Zhao, Xueping
This study was conducted to investigate comparative toxicity of 45 pesticides, including insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and herbicides, toward the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. Results from a 48-h filter paper contact test indicated that clothianidin, fenpyroximate, and pyridaben were supertoxic to E. fetida with LC₅₀ values ranging from 0.28 (0.24–0.35) to 0.72 (0.60–0.94) μgcm⁻², followed by carbaryl, pyridaphenthion, azoxystrobin, cyproconazole, and picoxystrobin with LC₅₀ values ranging from 2.72 (2.22–0.3.19) to 8.48 (7.38–10.21) μgcm⁻², while the other pesticides ranged from being relatively nontoxic to very toxic to the worms. When tested in artificial soil for 14d, clothianidin and picoxystrobin showed the highest intrinsic toxicity against E. fetida, and their LC₅₀ values were 6.06 (5.60–6.77) and 7.22 (5.29–8.68) mgkg⁻¹, respectively, followed by fenpyroximate with an LC₅₀ of 75.52 (68.21–86.57) mgkg⁻¹. However, the herbicides fluoroglycofen, paraquat, and pyraflufen-ethyl exhibited the lowest toxicities with LC₅₀ values>1000mgkg⁻¹. In contrast, the other pesticides exhibited relatively low toxicities with LC₅₀ values ranging from 133.5 (124.5–150.5) to 895.2 (754.2–1198.0) mgkg⁻¹. The data presented in this paper provided useful information for evaluating the potential risk of these chemicals to soil invertebrates.
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