Effects of entomopathogenic nematode species, rate, soil moisture, and bacteria on control of Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae in the laboratory
1992
Yeh, T. | Alm, S.R.
Several strains or species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser (All and Mexican strains), S. feltiae (= bibionis) (Filipjev) (Biosys #27), S. glaseri (Steiner) (Biosys #2), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (= heliothidis) Poinar (HP88 and Cl strains) were tested in the laboratory for their effect on larvae of japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman. Mean larval mortality ranged from 17.8 to 99.4% depending upon nematode strain and rate of application. S. glaseri caused a greater percentage of mortality of P. japonica larvae than any other species or strain of nematode tested. No interactions between nematode strains, application rates, and soil moisture were significant. Larval mortality generally increased with increased nematode rates. In separate experiments, nematode symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus luminescens Thomas & Poinar, X. nematophilus (Poinar & Thomas), and X. poinarii (Akhurst) were injected into Galleria mellonella (L.) and P. japonica larvae to determine pathogenicity. X. luminescens was the most pathogenic bacterium to both species, followed closely by X. nematophilus. X. poinarii demonstrated low pathogenicity to both insect species.
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