Mapping analysis of biomass residue valorization as the future green energy generation in Indonesia

Biomass residue is one of the focus areas for green energy in Indonesia, elaborated in Government Regulation no 79 the year 2014 on national energy development. The assessment of residual resources is an important way to show the availability distribution to realize the target of biofuel is more than 5% of the energy supply in 2025. Thus, this paper will present a method to assess the energy production from biomass residue as a primary consideration in its development. Statistical data and field observations have been used to estimate the total availability of residue. Furthermore, to calculate the energy potential of biomass residue, the minimum and maximum value parameters, such as residue to product ratio, moisture content, and heating value, were obtained from works of literature. The power potential was also analyzed through three scenarios of the conversion factor efficiency, i.e., low, medium, and high, to provide comprehensive results. The proposed methods allow the annual Indonesian biomass residue production from agriculture and forest residue to be nearly 155,271 and 2554 tonnes, respectively. It can be generated an energy potential around 1261 PJ, covering 22.12% of national energy consumption. Given the high potential for sustainability in biomass residue supply and utilization, strategic factor in the areas of the government regulation and policy, greenhouse gasses emission, land-use change, and conversion technology were identified to support residue valorization in the context of planning, organizing and operating. The challenges and barriers that can be minimized by integrated collaboration and synergy among policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, and community to assist the sustainability of green energy production in the future, and evaluation of environmental, economic, and social analysis as a framework to improve the quality and quantity of the production processes.