Phycomolecule-coated silver nanoparticles and seaweed extracts induced high-frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from Gloriosa superba L
2018
Mahendran, D. | Kavi Kishor, P.B. | Geetha, N. | Venkatachalam, P.
An efficient protocol for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from rhizome explants of Gloriosa superba L. was developed using various plant growth regulators (PGRs), Ulva lactuca extracts (ULE), and phycomolecule-coated U. lactuca silver nanoparticles (ULAgNPs). Callus was initiated from rhizome explants on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1.0–5.0 mg L⁻¹), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.5 mg L⁻¹), ULE (10–50%), and ULAgNPs (0.1–0.5 mg L⁻¹). Callus was cultured on MS medium fortified with various concentrations and combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.5–2.5 mg L⁻¹), kinetin (KIN) (0.5–2.5 mg L⁻¹), ULAgNPs (0.1–0.5 mg L⁻¹), and 20% ULE along with 0.5 mg L⁻¹ NAA for the development of somatic embryos (SEs). The maximum percentage of embryo maturation (100%) was observed on the medium containing 0.5 mg L⁻¹ ULAgNPs, 2.0 mg L⁻¹ BAP, 0.5 mg L⁻¹ abscisic acid (ABA), 0.5 mg L⁻¹ silver nitrate (AgNO₃), and 20% ULE. The highest percentage of embryo germination (86.1%) was noticed on the MS medium containing 0.3 mg L⁻¹ ULAgNPs, 5.0 mg L⁻¹ gibberellic acid (GA₃), 2.0 mg L⁻¹ BAP, 0.5 mg L⁻¹ adenine sulfate (AdS), and 20% ULE. Well-rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse with 70% survival rate. Results suggest that U. lactuca extract-derived silver nanoparticles could be used as biostimulants for the enhancement of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration rate in G. superba.
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