Effects of Silver Nanoparticles and Ions Exposure on the Soil Invertebrates Folsomia candida and Enchytraeus crypticus
2020
Hlavkova, Daniela | Beklová, Miroslava | Kopel, Pavel | Havelkova, Barbora
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs1 = 2.7 d·nm, AgNPs2 = 6.5 d·nm) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) on Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida using toxicity tests (OECD Guideline 220, 232). A 28-day chronic toxicity study was performed to evaluate the reproduction and mortality rate. E. crypticus reproduction was more sensitive to AgNO₃ with a 28dEC₅₀ of 86.40 (62.52–119.4) mg·kg⁻¹ dry weight (d.w.) compared to AgNPs1 (28dEC₅₀ = 119.3 (60.4–235.6) mg·kg⁻¹ d.w). Similarly, the reproduction of F. candida was inhibited the most by AgNO₃ with a 28dEC₅₀ of 126.2 (104.2–152.9) mg·kg⁻¹ d.w. followed by AgNPs1 (28dEC₅₀ = 158.7 (64.05–393.2) mg·kg⁻¹ d.w.) and AgNPs2 (28dEC₅₀ = 206.4 (181.9–234.1) mg·kg⁻¹ d.w.). No mortalities were observed for tested soil invertebrates exposed to AgNPs at concentrations up to 166 mg·kg⁻¹ d.w. of AgNPs1 and 300 mg·kg⁻¹ d.w. of AgNPs2, respectively. It was found that silver ions are more toxic in comparison with AgNPs.
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