Recent advances in microscale extraction driven by ion concentration polarization
2022
Krishnamurthy, Aparna | Anand, Robbyn K.
Microscale extraction offers several distinct advantages over bench-scale processes including increases in sample throughput, specificity, and efficiency. These attributes can be harnessed to improve the efficacy of assays, amplify analyte signals in sensors or purify samples. Recently, electrokinetic microextraction techniques have garnered increased attention owing to advantages such as control over mass transport, ease of actuation, and portability, which allow them to be readily incorporated into microscale and point-of-care devices. Ion concentration polarization (ICP) continuously creates an electric field gradient that can drive electrokinetic focusing. While the majority of articles on ICP have deliberated on analyte preconcentration, very few have ventured the subsequent extraction step – separation into another phase. The overarching aim of this review is to discuss recent developments in microfluidic extraction methods facilitated by ICP and the potential for their further advancement. Fundamental strategies used to achieve ICP-mediated extraction of distinct classes of analytes are discussed.
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