Phytodiversity for Metals in Plants Grown in Urban Agricultural Lands Irrigated with Untreated City Effluent
2012
Murtaza, Ghulam | Ghafoor, Abdul | Zia-ur-Rehman, Muhammad | Ṣābir, Muḥammad | Naeem, Asif
In developing countries, farmers use effluent as a source of irrigation and nutrients and the government takes this practice as a viable option for disposal. Sewage samples have hazardous electrical conductivities (EC), sodium adsorption ratios (SARs), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) for irrigation, but metals were close to upper permissible limits. The EC of saturated soil paste extract (ECₑ) ranged from 2.18 to 4.02 dS m–¹ and soil SAR 7.72 to 16.00 in soils 0.2 m deep. Average cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in soils ranged from 0.02 to 0.13, 0.00 to 4.45, 2.27 to 4.57, 0.71 to 13.76, and 3.17 to 10.37 mg kg–¹, respectively. Plants acquired metal contents greater than in raw sewage or soils. The wide biodiversity regarding metals in shoots of natural and planted vegetation that receives raw sewage is of practical significance. It seems imperative to study under controlled conditions various plants' metal tolerance and mechanisms of metal partitioning among plant parts.
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