New red oats for fall seeding resistant to rusts and smuts
1941
Coffman, F.A. | Humphrey, H.B. | Murphy, H.C.
Extensive attempts to breed oats resistant to crown rust for fall seeding in the southern states met with little success until the discovery of unusual resistance in the Victoria and Bond varieties. Victoria also is resistant to the races of smut occurring in the winter-oat belt. When crown-rust resistant strains from crosses of Victoria with Nortex and Fulghum and other crown-rust resistant oats were destroyed by stem rust, the hitherto unrecognized importance in the South of resistance to the latter disease also became evident. Stem- and crown-rust resistant strains from a Victoria-Richland hybrid were then crossed with varieties of winter oats. The first crosses reported herein were Victoria X Nortex and Victoria X Fulghum. Thousands of selections from these crosses have been tested for winterhardiness, yield, and other agronomic characters and for resistance to crown rust and smut in the greenhouses at Arlington, Va. and Ames Iowa, and in the field at cooperating stations throughout the southern United States. Some of these selections are extremely promising, and three of them, Ranger, Rustler and Fultex, have been named and distributed to farmers. These are resistant to crown rust and smut but not to stem rust. Fultex appears especially winterhardy for a red oat. In other crosses involving Richland, Victoria and Red Rustproof, the stem rust resistance of Richland the crown-rust and smut resistance of Victoria, and the winterhardiness and other desirable characteristics of Red Rustproof have been combined in several selections. Also, preliminary observations indicate that certain segregates of other crosses involving Victoria and Richland and either Fulton or other Fulghum X Markton selections may prove suitable for fall seeding in the deep South.
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