Three new anthraquinone derivatives isolated from Symplocos racemosa and their antibiofilm activity
2017
Farooq, Umar | Khan, Sara | Naz, Sadia | Khan, Ajmal | Khān, Āfsar | Ahmed, Ayaz | Rauf, Abdur | Bukhari, Syed Majid | Khan, Shujaat Ali | Kamil, Arfa | Riaz, Nadia | Khāna, Ābadura Rahamāna
Three new alkyl substituted anthraquinone derivatives, trivially named as symploquinones A−C (Compounds 1-3) were isolated from Symplocos racemosa. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, Mass, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR, and two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques). The resulting data were also compared with the reported literature. These compounds were then subjected to antibacterial or antibiofilm testing. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited good antibacterial activity in the concentration range of 160−83 μg·mL⁻¹ against Streptococcus mutans, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. Both compounds were further screened for anti-biofilm activity, which revealed promising activities at sub-MIC concentrations. None of the compounds were found to be active against Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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