Different Responses of Evapotranspiration Rates of Urban Lawn and Tree to Meteorological Factors and Soil Water in Hot Summer in a Subtropical Megacity
2021
Zou, Zhendong | Yan, Chunhua | Yu, Leiyu | Jiang, Xianchenghao | Ding, Jinshan | Ding, Junjie | Qiu, Guoyu
Urban evapotranspiration (ET) is an effective way to mitigate ecological challenges resulting from rapid urbanization. However, the characteristics of urban vegetation ET, especially how they respond to meteorological factors and soil water, remains unclear, which is crucial for urban ET regulation. Therefore, this study measured the actual ET rate of an urban lawn (ETₗₐwₙ) using the Bowen ratio system and an urban tree (Tₜᵣₑₑ) by a sap flow system in the hot summer of a subtropical megacity, Shenzhen. The results showed that the daily ETₗₐwₙ was more restricted by energy (Rₛ) and diffusion conditions (vapor pressure deficit, VPD), while the daily Tₜᵣₑₑ was more restricted by VPD and relative extractable water (REW) in the urban area. The daily Tₜᵣₑₑ decreased when the REW was lower than 0.18, while the daily ETₗₐwₙ started to decrease when it was lower than 0.14. When REW was lower than 0.11, the Tₜᵣₑₑ stayed at a relatively low level. The impacts of VPD was more evident on the diurnal Tₜᵣₑₑ than on the diurnal ETₗₐwₙ. Wind speed had a scarce impact as it was relatively low in urban areas. This study clarifies the different responses of ETₗₐwₙ and Tₜᵣₑₑ to meteorological factors and soil water based on actual ET. The results are of great significance for the knowledge of urban forestry and urban hydrology.
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