Possible biomarkers for assessing health risks in susceptible individuals exposed to agrochemicals with emphasis on developing countries
1996
El-Sebae, A.K.H. | Mohamed, Z.A. | Rahman, F.A. | Kamel, A.
Interindividual variation in response to agrochemicals and their potential toxic effects is mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The intrinsic variations stem from inherited predispositions exemplified in different blood groupings, immunoantigens, metabolic activation and detoxification, and DNA repair capacity, in addition to age, development and nutrition. The extrinsic factors include the geographical climatic variations, background of infectious diseases, health sanitation, socioenvironmental stresses and standard of living. Populations in developing countries have their own genetical trait characteristics where some genetic diseases are more dominant e.g. sickle cell anemia and other metabolic deficiencies. Parasitic endemic diseases such as schistosomiasis and hepatitis viruses are more abundant in the poor sanitation conditions of the third world countries. These unfavorable genetic and ecological factors when interacting synergistically together will render the people in the developing countries at higher risk because of high susceptibility to exposure and health hazards of agrochemicals. Highly susceptible population groups in general and those in the third world in particular, require specific biomarkers to measure and assess the inherited susceptibility, exposure dose and health effects of the agrochemicals. In this review, attempts are made to address such specific biomarkers needed to detect and to evaluate the levels of susceptibility, exposure and adverse health effects of agrochemicals with special reference to pesticides in developing countries.
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