Lithium Difluorophosphate as a Dendrite-Suppressing Additive for Lithium Metal Batteries
2018
Shi, Pengcheng | Zhang, Linchao | Xiang, Hongfa | Liang, Xin | Sun, Yi | Xu, Wu
The notorious lithium (Li) dendrites and the low Coulombic efficiency (CE) of Li anode are two major obstacles to the practical utilization of Li metal batteries (LMBs). Introducing a dendrite-suppressing additive into nonaqueous electrolytes is one of the facile and effective solutions to promote the commercialization of LMBs. Herein, Li difluorophosphate (LiPO₂F₂, LiDFP) is used as an electrolyte additive to inhibit Li dendrite growth by forming a vigorous and stable solid electrolyte interphase film on metallic Li anode. Moreover, the Li CE can be largely improved from 84.6% of the conventional LiPF₆-based electrolyte to 95.2% by the addition of an optimal concentration of LiDFP at 0.15 M. The optimal LiDFP-containing electrolyte can allow the Li||Li symmetric cells to cycle stably for more than 500 and 200 h at 0.5 and 1.0 mA cm–², respectively, much longer than the control electrolyte without LiDFP additive. Meanwhile, this LiDFP-containing electrolyte also plays an important role in enhancing the cycling stability of the Li||LiNi₁/₃Co₁/₃Mn₁/₃O₂ cells with a moderately high mass loading of 9.7 mg cm–². These results demonstrate that LiDFP has extensive application prospects as a dendrite-suppressing additive in advanced LMBs.
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