Effectiveness of the Californian prognosis model "BUGOFF 2" for Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) under central European conditions
1990
Blago, N. | Dickler, E.
During 1985 and 1988, the effectiveness of the codling moth prognosis model BUGOFF 2 was studied in Dossenheim, West Germany. Bugoff 2 was developed at the University of California, Berkeley, USA to determine the egg hatch of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., under field conditions. At weekly intervals the egg laying behaviour was observed on 150 apple fruit clusters collected from unmanaged crops. A new staining method with toluidine blue/sodium biborate was used for visualization codling moth eggs on the apples and leaves collected. Air temperature was continuously recorded to determine the heat units used by Bugoff 2. The results of this study were similar in both years. In the first generation of the codling moth we found a good agreement between our field observations and the forecasts given by the model. However a considerable difference was found in the second generation: under our climatic conditions the egg hatch was about 3 weeks earlier than estimated in the forecast. This time divergence is due to the overestimation of the developmental rates of codling moth in the heat unit table of Bugoff 2, if the maximum value of air temperature exceeds the upper limit for development. Influence on these results due to differences between air and microenvironmental temperatures experienced by codling moth are also discussed. In our further studies Bugoff 2 will be adapted to meteorological and phenological data of different European latitudes (Italy, West Germany and Norway).
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