Features of the Influence of the Steam Field on the Formation of Agrocenosis and the Productivity of Spring Wheat in the Field Crop Rotations of a Region with Unstable Humidity

The article presents long-term data of field experience on the productivity of spring wheat and agrocenosis in crop rotations with the influence of different types of steam in a region of unstable moisture. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of the aftereffect of different-pair precursors on the formation of agrocenosis and productivity of spring wheat in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. Field experiments were carried out in rain-fed conditions in 2015–2020 on two food backgrounds: fertilized (N40P80K40) and nonfertilized. As a result of the study, the consumption of productive moisture of the meter layer during the growing season by spring wheat and fallow crops was established. The largest amount of it in the experiment is used by the employed pairs of soil protection (98.9 mm) and sideral (93.8 mm). Spring wheat (hard and soft) uses more soil moisture in the aftereffect of pure steam (111.0 and 96.3 mm, respectively). When replacing black vapors with occupied ones, a change in the ratio of segetal vegetation in the agrocenosis was noted, which leads to an increase in perennial weeds in the crops of the second and subsequent crops of the crop rotation. The use of different types of steam in crop rotations with appropriate agricultural techniques allows one to reduce the contamination of crops with various weeds. The use of crop rotations with appropriate agricultural techniques allows one to reduce the contamination of crops by various groups of weeds for harvesting durum wheat by pure steam up to 15.6…12.2 pcs. and soft wheat up to 16.7…11.8 pcs. per 1 m² by backgrounds, respectively. The number of perennial weeds for harvesting in soft wheat crops in the aftereffect of soil-protective steam on a fertilized background was 1.2 pcs., while nonfertilized was 3.7 pcs. per 1 m². Over the years of research, the number of perennials in soft wheat crops in the aftereffect of sideral steam was 3.2 pcs. on two food backgrounds.