Diapause response of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) at different temperatures
2020
Spurgeon, D.
The western tarnished plant bug,Lygus hesperusKnight (Hemiptera: Miridae), isan economic pest of numerous western crops (Nordlund 2000, Southwest.Entomol. Suppl. 23: 1–5). This pest is known to enter a relatively short-durationadult reproductive diapause in response to short days (Beards and Strong 1966,Hilgardia 37: 345–362; Leigh 1966, J. Econ. Entomol. 59: 1280–1281; Strong et al.1970, Hilgardia 40: 105–147). Recent work indicates the diapause response issubject to selection under laboratory culture (Spurgeon 2012, Environ. Entomol. 41:415–419), and in some locations only a portion of the field population exhibits thediapause response (Brent and Spurgeon 2011, Environ. Entomol. 40: 455–461;Spurgeon and Brent 2015, J. Entomol. Sci. 50: 238–247). These reports, combinedwith observations of diapausing adults in the field during late winter and an apparentabsence of a maternal effect on diapause induction prompted Spurgeon (2017, J.Insect Sci. 17: 125) to suggest that the overwintering strategy ofL. hesperuslikelyinvolves more than one diapausing generation. For diapause induced in the mid tolate fall, or in a second overwintering generation ofL. hesperusin winter, the short-day conditions would coincide with markedly lower temperatures compared with thelate-summer and early-fall diapause induction period. Temperature is a knownmodifier of the photoperiodic response for many insect species (Denlinger 1986,Annu. Rev. Entomol. 31: 239–264; Lees 1956, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1: 1–16;Mansingh 1971, Can. Entomol. 103: 983–1009); therefore, it seems reasonable toexamine whether the induction of diapause inL. hesperusis influenced bytemperature.
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