Biological degradation of lignin: A critical review on progress and perspectives
2022
Zhao, Lei | Zhang, Jiayu | Zhao, Danyang | Jia, Li | Qin, Bo | Cao, Xianyuan | Zang, Lihua | Lu, Fuping | Liu, Fufeng
As the second most abundant biopolymer on earth after cellulose, lignin is considered to be an alternative source of various polymers and biomaterials since it can be cleaved into a large number of phenolic compounds. Due to its complex structure and low reactivity, depolymerization of lignin is the premise and rate-limiting step of its valorization. In nature, lignin can be degraded by microorganisms and their secreted enzymes into building blocks that can potentially be converted into high-value chemicals. In this review, the research progress on lignin biodegradation is discussed, focusing on the key enzymes and reaction mechanisms of lignin degradation, which provides a molecular basis for lignin bio-depolymerization. In addition, the metabolic pathways of different lignin derivatives in microorganisms are summarized, and value-added compounds derived from lignin are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of lignin biorefinery concepts are discussed.
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