The interplay of viral loads, clinical presentation, and serological responses in SARS-CoV-2 – Results from a prospective cohort of outpatient COVID-19 cases
2022
Puchinger, Kerstin | Castelletti, Noemi | Rubio-Acero, Raquel | Geldmacher, Christof | Eser, Tabea M. | Deák, Flora | Paunovic, Ivana | Bakuli, Abhishek | Saathoff, Elmar | von Meyer, Alexander | Markgraf, Alisa | Falk, Philine | Reich, Jakob | Riess, Friedrich | Girl, Philipp | Müller, Katharina | Radon, Katja | Guggenbuehl Noller, Jessica Michelle | Wölfel, Roman | Hoelscher, Michael | Kroidl, Inge | Wieser, Andreas | Olbrich, Laura | Alamoudi, Emad | Anderson, Jared | Baumann, Maximilian | Behlen, Marieke | Beyerl, Jessica | Böhnlein, Rebecca | Brauer, Anna | Britz, Vera | Bruger, Jan | Caroli, Friedrich | Contento, Lorenzo | Diekmannshemke, Jana | Do, Anna | Dobler, Gerhard | Eberle, Ute | Eckstein, Judith | Frese, Jonathan | Forster, Felix | Frahnow, Turid | Fröschl, Günter | Geisenberger, Otto | Gillig, Kristina | Heiber, Arlett | Hinske, Christian | Hoefflin, Janna | Hofberger, Tim | Höfinger, Michael | Hofmann, Larissa | Horn, Sacha | Huber, Kristina | Janke, Christian | Kappl, Ursula | Kiani, Charlotte | Kroidl, Arne | Laxy, Michael | Leidl, Reiner | Lindner, Felix | Mayrhofer, Rebecca | Mekota, Anna-Maria | Müller, Hannah | Metaxa, Dafni | Pattard, Leonie | Pletschette, Michel | Prückner, Stephan | Pusl, Konstantin | Raimúndez, Elba | Rothe, Camila | Schäfer, Nicole | Schandelmaier, Paul | Schneider, Lara | Schultz, Sophie | Schunk, Mirjam | Schwettmann, Lars | Seibold, Heidi | Sothmann, Peter | Stapor, Paul | Theis, Fabian | Thiel, Verena | Thiesbrummel, Sophie | Thur, Niklas | Waibel, Julia | Wallrauch, Claudia | Winter, Simon | Wolff, Julia | Wullinger, Pia | Yaqine, Houda | Zange, Sabine | Zeggini, Eleftheria | Zimmermann, Thomas | Zielke, Anna | Ibraheem, Mohamed | Ahmed, Mohamed | Becker, Marc | Diepers, Paulina | Schälte, Yannik | Garí, Mercè | Pütz, Peter | Pritsch, Michael | Fingerle, Volker | Le Gleut, Ronan | Gilberg, Leonard | Brand, Isabel | Diefenbach, Max | Eser, Tabea | Weinauer, Franz | Martin, Silke | Quenzel, Ernst-Markus | Durner, Jürgen | Girl, Philipp | Müller, Katharina | Radon, Katja | Fuchs, Christiane | Hasenauer, Jan
Risk factors for disease progression and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections require an understanding of acute and long-term virological and immunological dynamics. Fifty-one RT-PCR positive COVID-19 outpatients were recruited between May and December 2020 in Munich, Germany, and followed up at multiple defined timepoints for up to one year. RT-PCR and viral culture were performed and seroresponses measured. Participants were classified applying the WHO clinical progression scale. Short symptom to test time (median 5.0 days; p = 0.0016) and high viral loads (VL; median maximum VL: 3∙10⁸ copies/mL; p = 0.0015) were indicative for viral culture positivity. Participants with WHO grade 3 at baseline had significantly higher VLs compared to those with WHO 1 and 2 (p = 0.01). VLs dropped fast within 1 week of symptom onset. Maximum VLs were positively correlated with the magnitude of Ro-N-Ig seroresponse (p = 0.022). Our results describe the dynamics of VLs and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in mild to moderate cases that can support public health measures during the ongoing global pandemic.
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