Inverse Gas Chromatography for Determining the Surface Free Energy and Acid-Base Chemical Characteristics of a Water Extracted Hardwood (Acer rubrum)
2009
Mills, Ryan H. | Jara, Rory | Gardner, Douglas J. | van Heiningen, Adriaan
Hardwood hemicellulose extracts can be used as a feed stock for ethanol plants or for renewable polymer applications. Extraction of Acer rubrum wood strands with water at 160°C and for 90 minutes removed approximately 16% of the wood weight. The extract was composed primarily of acetylated glucuronoxylans (63.9%) and lignin (17.6%). The dispersive surface energy and acid-base surface characteristics for a multi-component freeze dried mixture of hot water extracted Acer rubrum components was determined by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The dispersive surface energy of the extract was found to be non-sensitive to thermal variations and has a magnitude of 34.6 ± 0.2 mJ/m2 with a K(a) of 0.13 and K(b) of 0.46. The maple wood had a regressed surface energy of 42.7 mJ/m2 at 20°C following extraction, and the surface energy before extraction was 40.4 mJ/m2 at 20°C. Also, before extraction the K(a) and K(b) of the red maple were 0.19, 0.92, respectively, and after extraction the K(a) and K(b) were 0.15 and 1.17. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) was used to characterize the wood surfaces and the IR data correlated to the surface energy values. These findings indicate that the hemicellulose-extract components influence the overall average surface energy of maple wood by lowering the surface energy relative to other surface components.
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