The Development of Improved Syntheses of PPARγ-Sparing, Insulin Sensitizing Thiazolidinedione-ketones
2019
Tanis, Steven P. | Colca, Jerry R. | Parker, Timothy T. | D.Artman, Gerald | Larsen, Scott D. | Gadwood, Robert C. | Zeller, James R.
Ketones 2 (MSDC-0160) and 3 (MSDC-0602) had been selected for clinical development, however their initial syntheses were considered suboptimal for application deep into clinical trials. Difficulties ranging from the nature of the starting material, alcohol oxidation problems, epoxide opening regioisomeric issues, and endgame ketone redox problems had been encountered. Direct ketone introduction/maintenance was desired for maximum efficiency and convergence was found to be critically dependent upon the acidity of the nucleophilic species (13, 18) and the use of pre- or post-alkylative oximino-ether / oxime protection (vide infra). Improvements in overall yield for the syntheses of 2 (MSDC-0160) and 3 (MSDC-0602) from 20% (2) and 31% (3) respectively, to 44% (2) and 59% (3) were realized.
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