Non-target discovery of emerging PFAS homologues in Dagang Oilfield: Multimedia distribution and profiles in crude oil
2022
Yao, Yiming | Meng, Yue | Chen, Hao | Zhu, Lingyan | Sun, Hongwen
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are applied in oil exploitation activity. In this study, non-target and suspect target analyses with high-resolution mass spectrometry were used for identification of novel PFASs in the oilfield environment. A total of thirty-seven PFAS homologues belonging to eight classes were identified as level 4 or above, which partly explained the amount of potential unknown PFAS-precursors that were indicated by total oxidisable precursor assay in our previous study. Hydrogen-substituted and ether-substituted homologues were the main identified PFASs, and seven of them were newly reported homologues. C1–C3 perfluoroalkane sulphonic acids (PFSAs) were also for the first time identified in the oilfield. The sediment-water partitioning coefficients of most identified PFAS homologues positively correlate with their predicted octanol-water partitioning coefficients while those of C1–C3 PFSAs may have elevated sediment partitioning potential as also previously observed for ultra-short chain C2-C3 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids. The crude oil and sludge samples were further examined with the target and identified PFAS profiles. An annual flux of 10.4 kg/y via oil production was estimated in Dagang Oilfield with 16.6 % not from the target PFASs. This demonstrates that oil exploitation activities can be a significant underlying source of PFASs to the environment.
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