A high-fat challenge increases airway inflammation and impairs bronchodilator recovery in asthma
2011
Wood, Lisa G. | Garg, Manohar L. | Gibson, Peter G.
BACKGROUND: Dietary fat activates systemic innate immune responses, but the effect on airway responses is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine effects of a high-fat versus low-fat meal on systemic and airway inflammation in asthma. METHODS: Nonobese subjects with asthma were randomized to consume a high-fat (n = 19; 48% [49 g] fat) or low-fat (n = 18; 15% [3 g] fat) meal. Fourteen obese patients with asthma and 21 healthy controls also consumed a high-fat meal. Another group of patients with asthma consumed a high-trans (n = 5; 5.2 g trans fat) or nontrans (n = 5, <0.3 g trans fat) fatty acid meal. Lung function was measured at baseline (prebronchodilator) and 2, 3, and 4 hours after bronchodilator. Airway inflammation was assessed by using induced sputum cell counts and Toll-like receptor 4 mRNA expression by real-time PCR. Systemic inflammation was measured by ELISA quantification of plasma TNF-α, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and IL-6 concentrations. RESULTS: In patients with asthma, at 4 hours postmeal, increases in sputum % neutrophils and Toll-like receptor 4 mRNA expression were higher and increases in FEV₁/forced vital capacity (FVC) were lower in the high-fat versus low-fat groups. Changes in plasma fatty acids correlated with changes in sputum % neutrophils and were negatively associated with changes in % FEV₁, % FVC, and FEV₁/FVC. After the high-trans fatty acid meal, sputum % neutrophils were significantly higher than after the nontrans meal. CONCLUSION: A high-fat meal augments neutrophilic airway inflammation, with the effect dependent on the type of fat consumed. A high-fat meal also suppresses bronchodilator recovery in asthma. Modifying dietary fat intake may be useful in asthma.
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