Characterization of genetic basis and realized heritability of bifenthrin-resistance selected in dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in Pakistan
2021
Banazeer, Ansa | Usama Khan, Hafiz Muhammad | Shahzad Afzal, Muhammad Babar | Shad, Sarfraz Ali
Dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) is a major pest of cotton crop across various regions in the world, and has developed resistance to a number of insecticides including bifenthrin. In the current study, we evaluated the genetics and realized heritability (h²) of bifenthrin resistance following selection of O. hyalinipennis in the laboratory for 15 generations. The selected population of O. hyalinipennis had a resistance ratio of 554.21-fold as compared to a laboratory susceptible population. Toxicity data of reciprocal crosses F₁ and F₁’ revealed that bifenthrin resistance was inherited as an autosomal trait and no maternal influence was involved. The degree of dominance (DLC) values, 0.68 and 0.81 for F₁ and F₁’, respectively, revealed that incompletely dominant genes were governing the bifenthrin resistance in O. hyalinipennis. Resistance to bifenthrin also shifted from completely dominant (DML = 0.95) to fully recessive (DML = 0.08) trait upon changing the concentrations of bifenthrin from 165.25 ppm to 2500 ppm, respectively. The chi-square analysis of monogenic model in both back-crosses, BC₁ (F₁♀ × S♂) and BC₂ (F₁♀ × R♂) resulted in rejection of the hypothesis of monogenic resistance, which indicated that multiple factors were involved in controlling bifenthrin resistance. The estimated value of realized heritability (h²) for bifenthrin resistance was 0.09. Selection of O. hyalinipennis with bifenthrin for 15 generations induced a high resistance to bifenthrin that was autosomal, incompletely dominant and polygenic in nature. A low heritability value revealed that bifenthrin resistance could likely develop in the field but at much slower pace. These results have important implications for bifenthrin resistance management in O. hyalinipennis.
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