Systematics, diversity, genetics, and evolution of wild and cultivated potatoes
2014
Spooner, David M. | Ghislain, M. (Marc) | Simon, Reinhard | Jansky, Shelley H. | Gavrilenko, Tatjana
Cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum L., is the third most important food crop and is grown and consumed worldwide. Indigenous primitive cultivated (landrace) potatoes, and wild potatoes, all classified as Solanum section Petota, are widely used for potato improvement. Members of section Petota are widely distributed in the Americas from the southwestern United States to the Southern Cone of South America. The latest comprehensive taxonomic treatment of section Petota was published by John (Jack) Hawkes in 1990 when he recognized seven cultivated species and 225 wild species, divided into 21 taxonomic series. Since 1990, intensive field collections from throughout the range of the group, morphological studies, and molecular studies have halved the number of species (106 wild and four cultivated) and elucidated new ingroup and outgroup relationships. The recent sequencing of the potato genome has greatly accelerated investigation of all aspects of potato biology and allows us to address new questions not possible before. The purpose of our review is to provide a historical overview an update since 1990 of the systematics, diversity, genetics, domestication, and evolution, and breeding of section Petota that serves to document and explain these many changes and serve as a reference to aid this next generation of studies in the group.
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