Applicator and bystander exposure to home garden and landscape pesticides
1993
Solomon, K.R. | Harris, S.A. | Stephenson, G.R.
Exposure to 2,4-D was measured (as total body dose) in home gardeners applying the herbicide and in bystanders living within the household, but not applying the herbicide. Analyses of urine collected from homeowners for 96 hours following applications found total body doses ranging from non-detectable to 0.0071 mg/kg of body weight. The highest exposures were consistently associated with spills of the liquid concentrate or excessive contact with the dilute mixture on the hands or forearms. Residues of 2,4-D were not detected in urine samples supplied by bystanders to home applicators. Total dose in professional applicators applying 2,4-D and bystanders receiving a professional application of 2,4-D to their properties was measured. Professional applicators received a geometric mean dose of 0.154 mg/kg/day over a 14 day period with 96 and 99 percentiles of 1.56 and 4.95 mg/kg/day respectively. Daily excretion was poorly correlated with total amount of active ingredient (A.I.) applied. Personal work habits appeared to be the major factors affecting exposure. Residues of 2,4-D were not detected in air or urine samples supplied by 10 bystanders who received a professional application of 2,4-D to their property. Total dose of 2,4-D determined in volunteers following 1 hour exposure to a 2 by 15 m area of sprayed turf 1 and 24 hours following application. Dislodgeable residues of 2,4-D declined from 8% 1-hour after application to 1% 24-hours following application. No residues of 2,4-D were found in 96 hr urine samples supplied by volunteers except for 3 people who were barefoot and wearing shorts and contacted the turf 1 hour following 2,4-D application. The highest dose was measured was 0.005 mg/kg of body weight.
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