A Review of Interactions between Insect Biological Control Agents and Semiochemicals
2019
Sharma, Anamika | Sandhi, Ramandeep K. | Reddy, Gadi V. P.
Biological control agents and semiochemicals have become essential parts of the integrated pest management of insect pests over the last several years, as the incorporation of semiochemicals with natural enemies and entomopathogenic microbials has been an area gaining significance. The potential of insect pheromones to attract natural enemies has been mainly established under laboratory conditions, while semiochemicals from plants have been used to attract and retain natural enemies in field conditions using strategies such as trap crops and push-pull mechanism. The best-known semiochemicals are those used for parasitoids-insect pest-plant host systems. Semiochemicals can also aid in the successful dispersal of entomopathogenic microbials. Using semiochemicals to disseminate microbial pathogens is still at the initial stage, especially for bacterial and viral entomopathogens. Future studies should focus on the integration of semiochemicals into management strategies for insects, for which several semiochemical compounds have already been studied. More effective formulations of microbial agents, such as granular formulations of entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) along with bio-degradable trap material could improve this strategy. Furthermore, more studies to evaluate species-specific tactics may be needed, especially where more than one key pest is present.
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