Effects of subsoil and polyolefin-coated urea application on growth and nitrogen uptake of oats [Avena sativa] and barley [Hordeum vulgare] in andisols
1998
Ito, T. (Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan)) | Yamada, D. | Saigusa, M.
Subsoil, as well as surface soil, is important that it supplies water and nutrients to crops. Applied nutrients easily migrate from surface layer to subsoil by rainfall in the humid regions such as Japan. The objectives of this study are to determine the effects of subsoil on the growth and nitrogen (N) uptake of oats and barley in two representative Japanese Andisols with different clay mineralogy, and the effects of polyolefin-coated urea (POCU), one of the controlled availability fertilizers, on crop growth in soil which inhibits root development in subsoil. Weakly acidic Morioka soil with clay dominated by allophane and strongly acidic Kawatabi soil with clay dominated by 2 : 1 minerals were used in this study. Experimental treatments were surface soil plot where root elongation was limited to surface layer (0-15 cm) and + subsoil plot where crop root can elongate into subsoil (15-60 cm). In both the Morioka and Kawatabi soil, total dry matter and grain yield of oats and barley in + subsoil plots were greater than those in the surface soil plots. The nitrogen uptake of oats and barley in + subsoil plots were 1.7 to 3.3 times greater than those in the surface soil plots. Oats grown on the Morioka and Kawatabi soil absorbed about 70% and 50% of total N from subsoil, respectively. For barley with sensitivity to Al toxicity, the ratios of N absorbed from subsoil to total N in Kawatabi soil (42%) were lower than those in Morioka soil (65%). Barley roots could not extend into deeper subsoil in Kawatabi soil with high toxic Al levels due to the presence of 2 : 1 minerals and low pH. The use of POCU increased growth and the N uptake of oats and barley in each surface soil plot
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