Montreal Protocol : zero ODS foam pre-insulated pipe alternatives
Kostpoulos, Christos
This report reviews the Working Group's original recommendations of 1992 in light of relevant technological developments within the sector. At that time, the Working Group was much less certain about the efficacy of carbon dioxide blown foam pre-insulated district heating pipe technology. Also, the monitoring and testing protocols for various critical technical pipe parameters were still being developed and evolving. Recently however, the resulting European Standard governing DH pipes, CEN 253, has been agreed and now for the first time all options may be compared on a common accepted international standard. In addition to establishing reliable standards, research during the past year and a half have generated the data needed to define and measure 1) expected thermal lifetime; 2) thermomechanical behavior of foaming agents (creep); 3) thermal conductivity over product lifetime. A major conclusion resulting from this research is that halogens are eliminated (i.e., as the blowing agent concerned approaches zero ODS in character), its chemical lifetime is extended. It has also been confirmed that there are no major differences in thermomechanical behavior of either carbon dioxide blown or cyclopentane blown foams relative to the CFC-11 blown foam. As a result, any of the comercially available CFC replacement technologies can match or improve upon the CEN 253 standard, provided a carefully optimized DH system is designed and implemented.
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