Ventilated improved pit latrines : guidelines for the selection of design options
Mara, D. Duncan;
The ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine is now widely recognized as one of the most important, affordable and appropriate on-site sanitation technologies for use in both urban and rural areas of developing countries. The Technology Advisory Group (TAG) has been one of the major agencies responsible for its promotion in several countries (principally in Africa and South America) and has published several technical notes describing the design of various types of VIP latrines. This discussion paper provides guidelines that will enable a design engineer to make a rational selection of the VIP latrine design option most appropriate to the community for which they are responsible. The designer is aiming at a technical choice that will be affordable to the householder and will give the best long-term service at the least cost. It is assumed for the purpose of this paper that a VIP latrine of some sort is the most appropriate sanitation facility for the community under consideration, and also that the reader is aware of how VIP latrines function and how they are able to control odors and insects. What remains for the designer is to select the type of VIP latrine that is compatible with available resources as well as with the prevailing physical, socio-cultural, institutional, economic and financial conditions. In doing so, special emphasis is placed on technology costs and affordability.
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