Impact evaluation of the second phase of the Kecamatan development program in Indonesia
Voss, John;
Increasingly, Indonesian communities have been able to determine their own local development priorities as the Government of Indonesia and donors implement programs using the community driven development (CDD) approach. One example of this is the Kecamatan Development Program (KDP), a Government of Indonesia program aimed at alleviating poverty, strengthening local government and community institutions, and improving local governance. KDP began in 1998 at a time of tremendous political upheaval and financial crisis. Now in its third phase, KDP is a key component of the Government's national poverty alleviation program, the National Program for Community Empowerment or Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM)-Mandiri. KDP is implemented by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Community Development Office (PMD) and is funded through government budget allocations, donor grants and loans from the World Bank. Most evaluations of CDD programs have focused on the extent to which activities meet objectives intrinsic to the CDD approach: participation of community members in decision-making, skill and capacity development, and improving the quality of local governance, among others. However, little evidence exists on the impact of CDD approaches on traditional measures of household welfare and access to services. This paper attempts to resolve this problem by evaluating the impact of the second phase of KDP (KDP2). It uses a selected group of indicators for the period 2002-2007 to address the following research questions: Does KDP2 increase household welfare (measured as real per capita consumption)? Does KDP2 move households out of poverty? Do individuals in KDP2 Kecamatans experience increased access to education and health care services, and employment opportunities? What is the impact for these indicators for poor and disadvantaged groups?
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