Sudan - Country Re-engagement Note
Benavot, Aaron | Kamens, David
In 2002, Sudan's civil war entered its twentieth consecutive year, where conflict and internal displacement of civilians have resulted in food insecurity in parts of the country, with continued loss of life. Against this background, Sudan remains one of the poorest countries in the world, with widespread poverty, and a weak and uneven economic base, and infrastructure. The situation of discontent; and conflicts have proliferated, often exacerbated by land degradation, inequitable development and poverty. Yet, Sudan's growth potential is promising: a rich agricu1tural livestock resource base, with considerable export potential, and increasing oil revenues. The main issues under discussion are as follows: 1) Political reforms that safeguard basic rights, including legal recognition and protection for political opposition groups, and constitutional guarantees for religious liberties. 2) Sharing of power, including the structure of the state, parameters of federalism, representation in common central authorities, and self-determination for southern Sudan. 3)Sharing of national wealth and resources, such as land, cattle and water resources, and oil. 4) Controversy around the three areas of the Nuba mountains, Abyei and southern Blue Nile. 5) Land use. The shift from subsistence farming to mechanized agricultural schemes has strengthened leaseholders for large-scale farming schemes at the expense of small-holders, nomads and pastoralists. Most devastating are the costs related to misuse of human capacity, destruction of socioeconomic assets, and lost opportunities. The report outlines the basic elements for re-engagement with Sudan, namely support for delivery of basic social services, based on consultations with bilateral, and multilateral partners, facilitated by strong donor coordination, and partnerships.
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