Indonesia - Enhancing the quality of life in urban Indonesia: the legacy of Kampung Improvement Program
Wallsten, Scott J.
This is an Impact Evaluation Report (IER) of four Bank supported urban development projects in Indonesia: Jakarta Urban Development Project (Ln. 1040); Second Urban Development Project (Ln. 1336); Third Urban Development Project (Ln. 1653), and Fourth Urban Development Project (Ln. 1972). The main objective of the impact evaluation exercise was to understand the medium and long-term impacts (5 to 10 years after completion) of eighteen years of lending for urban development. In preparing the report, Operations Evaluation Department (OED) has concentrated on four main areas of impacts: (i) improvements in the urban environment; (ii) changes in urban land values and markets; (iii) strengthening of institutions; and (iv) scope and durability of impacts. The three components of the four urban projects were evaluated: the Kampung Improvement Program (KIP); the sites and services program; and a city-wide improvement program. The study has drawn one overriding conclusion: under conditions of rapid economic development, targeted urban-sector improvement programs can have a very positive impact on low-income areas. Those impacts can be achieved at a low cost of investment that reaps high economic rates of return. The study found that the most positive impact of KIP was the upgrade in the quality of life of kampung residents given by improved footpaths, lighting, education and health facilities, living space, and reduction of housing density. In addition, the study found that there is much wider access to clean and safe water, private toilets/septic tanks, and less frequent flooding outside their homes. More than two thirds of the respondents in project areas attributed the improvements in their kampungs to KIP. The majority of the respondents also suggested that today's overall environmental condition in their neighborhood is better than before KIP was implemented.
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