Investing in junior secondary education in Indonesia : rationale and public costs
Sayed, Haneen
This paper examines the likely costs of achieving universal enrollment in junior secondary education, i.e., years 7 through 9, by 2010. It concludes that achieving universal enrollment in junior secondary education is desirable on both equity and efficiency grounds but will require a sizable public expenditure. The section after the introduction puts forth the economic rationale for expanding public investment in junior secondary education. Then the paper briefly discusses education expenditure patterns in the past ten years in order to put the planned expansion in perspective. The next section calculates the costs of achieving universal nine years of basic education. It addresses the question of how to increase enrollments in a cost-effective way through the use of three cost scenarios each depending on the contribution made by the private sector. The last section examines issues at the primary level which must be resolved in order to achieve the policy objective.
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