Participation and the World Bank : successes, constraints, and responses
Aycrigg, Maria
This paper was prepared as an input to the international conference, "Upscaling and Mainstream Participation of Primary Stakeholders: Lessons Learned and Ways Forward," held in Washington, D.C. in November 1998. This document sets out a working definition of participation as well as an action plan to support and facilitate participation on a Bankwide level. Input was sought generally on the following questions: What are the achievements in mainstreaming participation since 1994? Where has the Bank fallen short? What are the supporting and constraining factors? What are the issues and opportunities to consider for the future? What recommendations can support mainstreaming participation? Some conclusions can be drawn from this review: a) A considerable range of initiatives can be distinguished that share the aims of improving mutual communication between beneficiaries, government implementing agencies, and the Bank and of increasing the influence of a wider range of stakeholders in the planning and implementation of operations. b) A variety of tools and methods have been used to initiate or facilitate participation. c) The scale and purpose of investments, the nature of goods and services to be produced, and the sociopolitical environment all influence the choice of most suitable type and level of participation. d) Participatory approaches are far from being general to the Bank's work. e) The breath and the depth of participation vary between initiatives and regions.
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