Turkey : Economic Reforms, Living Standards and Social Welfare Study

World Bank

Turkey : Economic Reforms, Living Standards and Social Welfare Study

2000

World Bank

As Turkey faces the 21st century, it must confront a series of critical policy questions: Can it continue to make progress in the fight against poverty? Is it possible to accelerate this improvement, which given Turkish growth rates, has been disappointing? What needs to be done to ensure that GDP growth pays off in terms of broad-based increases in employment and wages? Is it realistic to envision a future growth path in which 40 percent of employment remains in the agriculture sector? Can the widening of disparities between regions somehow be reversed? This report recommends the key elements of a strategy to improve living standards and reduce poverty include: 1) Provide a macroeconomic environment that is conducive to growth and price stability. 2) Remove biases against employment creation outside of agriculture. 3) Facilitate the outflow of resources from agriculture and provide a basis for productivity growth in the sector. 4) Invest in education, and especially in that or poor children. 5) Reallocate Government expenditures so that they are better targeted to the economically vulnerable.

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AGROVOC Keywords

capital formation case studies economic activities economic growth employment exchange rate gnp health care health services household income household surveys income income distribution inflation insurance interest rates living standards poverty reduction primary education private sector productivity public investment public sector rural areas rural population rural poverty social groups social indicators social insurance social protection social security social services social welfare unemployment urban areas urban poverty wages water supply

Bibliographic information

Publisher

Washington, DC

Other Subjects

Labor force participation; Labor productivity; Poverty lines; Agricultural employment; Economic reforms; Investment rates; Income data; Team members; Private sector workers; Indexation; Labor markets; Women workers; Annual income; Social inequality; Living standards indicators; Public employment; Regional disparities; Poverty line; Currency unit; Data sources; Food basket; Expenditure survey; Middle income country; Literacy rates; Labor force; Poverty rate; Household expenditures; Financial assets; Economic cooperation; Reducing poverty; Poor person; Income quintiles; Income poverty; Income inequality; Per capita income; Poverty change; Output growth; Rapid growth; Working poor; Economic management; Life expectancy; Census data; Cpi; Infant mortality; Labor market regulations; Productivity growth; Annual growth rate; Relative income; Poverty risk; Real incomes; Poor population; Gini index; Growth performance; Sector employment; Labor market; Gini coefficient; National average; Per capita income levels; Education & the poor; Income households; Safety net; Job creation; Capital investment; Female literacy; Pension system; Household head; Real exchange rate; Absolute sense; Poor performance; Growth path; Poverty profile; Income levels; Government expenditures; Regional distribution; Relative poverty; Consumption distribution; Medical insurance; Income countries; Labor costs; Human development; Growth effect; Citizens; High inflation; Female-headed households; Employment status; Gender gaps; Private sectors; Inequality measures; Wage differentials; Safety nets; Employment creation; Poverty rates; Growth rates; Educational attainment; Income level; Average consumption; Gender bias; Poverty indicators; Distributional changes; Employment opportunities; Unemployment rates; Real wages; National accounts; Social assistance; Economic reform; Individual poverty; International standards; Medical insurance coverage; Growth component; Educational efficiency absolute poverty; Policy variables; Poverty risks; Economies of scale; Real interest rates; Poverty & gender; Rising demand; Unequal countries; Median income; Informal activities; Annual growth; Labor force survey; Social assistance programs; Annual rate; Distributional impact; Public infrastructure; Poor households

License

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15138http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/World BankCC BY 3.0 Unported

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http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15138

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