Review of Wheat Breeding in Ethiopia.
1982
Tesfaye Tesemma and Jamal Mohammed(Assistant professor and Breeder)
Wheat collection and classification works were summarized and the results revealed that as back as 1927 Ethiopia was recognized as a center of tetraploid wheat evolution. The historical background of wheat breeding in Ethiopia is briefly reviewed, with due emphasis on varieties released todate. It is indicated that greater attention was given to bread wheat and hence more varieties were released so far inspite of the fact that the estimated 60-70% of the Ethiopian wheat farmers produce the durum type of wheat. Further, most of the varieties released were either from introduction and/or selection programs, however, the strengthening of the local hybridization program is imperative in order to produce varieties which are better suited to local conditions. The objectives of the current wheat breeding programs in the country are examined and the breeding methods discussed. The present breeding programs emphasizes specific objectives as compared to earlier attempts of developing high-yielding and widely adapted varieties which would be well suited to the major wheat producing regions of the country. Finally the steps that ought to be followed in testing varieties at different stages before final release are also elaborated.
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