Effect of contamination with recent pesticides on the biological activity in ordinary chernozem | Влияние загрязнения современными пестицидами на биологическую активность чернозема обыкновенного
2010
Kazeev, K.Sh. | Loseva, E.S. | Borovikova, L.G. | Kolesnikov, S.I., Southern Federal Univ., Rostov-on-Don (Russian Federation)
The influence of agricultural pollutants on biological properties of ordinary chernozem was studied. Model test included incubating of soil of a plow layer, the exposure period was 14 days. The experiment 1 was done to examine changes in a number of different microorganisms (MN) under the action of insecticides (Detsis, Danadim) and herbicides (Harness, Agritoks, Pivot) at concentrations of 0.1-10.0 mg/kg of soil. The experiment 2 was done to examine the effect of ultrahigh doses of Harness and Detsis (50-100 000 mg/kg) on an enzymatic activity of soil. A reaction of ammonifying bacteria in the test 1 differed greatly, so they were unsuitable for a diagnosis. A regular decrease of MN of Azotobacter (from 104% (Agritoks, 1 mg/kg) to 10% (Harness, 10 mg/kg) of the control) was fixed while levels of pollution increased; they had to be recommending as bioindicators. Fungi were sensitive to the all doses of pollutants except to low and medium doses of Harness (MN increased by 25-27%). A strong inhibition of soil enzymes was caused only by the maximum doses and dehydrogenase (DD) was a more sensitive indicator. Catalase activity decreased by 13 and 43% of control 2 weeks after the application of 10000 and 100000 Detsis mg/kg soil. At pollution by Harness activity of DD increased from 27 to 69% of control, while the dose of the preparation increased up to 1000 mg/kg. Detsis application inhibited activity of DD starting with a dose of 1000 mg/kg up to 18% of control at a level of the maximum dose of the pesticide. It has been concluded that the use of studied preparations at doses which are much higher than MPC (maximum permissible concentrations) almost no effect on soil biological activity.
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