Geography of Cika cattle breed | Geografija pasme cikastega goveda

English. The geography of Slovenian autochthonous Cika cattle breed was studied over a 140-year period of its development. The first literature reference regarding the dissemination range of original Cika cattle was found in the year 1872, when Schollmayr (1873) studied cattle breeds in Carniola. In the second half of the 19 century, cattle in Carniola were without their own names of breeds and were characterized by a large phenotypic diversity. A generic term “Carniolan cattle” was the most commonly used name and animals were grouped according to their colour. Povše (1893) reported that the red coloured Gorenjska cattle were to the fullest extent spread in the area which today belongs to Gorenjska statistical region. Under the influence of specific climate and breeding conditions in Bohinj area, the smallest in size and the most dairy type of Cika cattle was developed here. They named it as “Bohinj cattle” and this was the original form of Cika cattle. Breeding of Cika cattle maintained in the same area until the sixties of the past century. In the year 1964 a symposium took place in Kranj, where it was decided that Cika cattle was going to get upgraded by Simmental breed. Today, the breeding of Cika cattle is dispersed across a larger area of the Republic of Slovenia, however, it is the most widespread in the north part of Central Slovenian statistical region (Kamnik area) and Gorenjska, especially in the south-eastern part of Julian Alps (Bohinj area). In these two areas, Cika cattle breeding is still most concentrated.

Slovenian. Geografijo slovenske avtohtone pasme cikasto govedo smo proučevali v 140 letnem obdobju njenega razvoja. Prvo najdeno gradivo s tega področja izvira iz leta 1872, ko je Schollmayr (1873) raziskoval »goveja plemena« na Kranjskem. V drugi polovici 19. stoletja govedo na Kranjskem večinoma ni imelo imen za pasme in zanj je bila značilna velika fenotipska heterogenost. Za poimenovanje so največkrat uporabljali splošen izraz »kranjsko govedo«, živali pa so združevali v skupine po barvi. Povše (1893) piše, da je bilo rdeče pisano gorenjsko govedo v največjem obsegu razširjeno na območju, ki danes spada v Gorenjsko statistično regijo. V Bohinju se je pod vplivom specifičnih klimatskih in rejskih razmer oblikoval najmanjši in relativno najbolj mlečni tip cikastega goveda, ki so ga imenovali bohinjsko govedo in je izvorna oblika cikastega goveda. Reja cikastega goveda se je na območju, kjer so vsaj od druge polovice 19. stoletja naprej redili rdeče govedo, v podobnem geografskem obsegu ohranjala do 60. let 20. stoletja. Leta 1964 je v Kranju potekal simpozij, kjer so sprejeli sklep o pretopitvi cikaste pasme z lisasto. Danes je reja cikastega goveda geografsko razpršena po večjem območju republike Slovenije, številčno pa je najmočneje zastopana v severnem delu Osrednjeslovenske statistične regije (območje Kamnika) in v Gorenjski statistični regiji, zlasti v jugovzhodnem delu Julijskih Alp (območje Bohinja). Na teh dveh območjih je reja cikastega goveda najbolj zgoščena.