Ecology of banteng (Bos javanicus D' Alton, 1823) in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Uthai Thani and Tak Provinces
1987
Theerapat Prayurasiddhi
Regarding the ecology of banteng, they usually fed and stayed in Dry Deciduous Forest, both the Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest and the Mixed Deciduous Forest types and their transition zones with Evergreen Forest. There was also evergreen Forest along the streams and the hills. Banteng fed and rested alternately all day long. They selected habitats according to food plants and the seasonal changes of the forest types. Habitat selection was by situation and the length of stay was related to supply of food plants and safety. The feeding routes connected the feeding area, water and salt licks. In one day, an activity radius of banteng covered 7-10 km in the rainy season and 10-15 km in the dry season. They were more grazers than browsers and there were more than 59 plant species which banteng were found to feed on. They bred mostly during June to September and mostly the calves were born during February to May. The cow gave birth to 1 calf after a gestation period 9.5 to 10 months. There were 2 types of moving pattern: feeding and travelling, walking 1-2 km per hour and 3-4 km per hour respectively. Herd type walked in the feeding area in a row and travelling in 1 or 2 columns. There were 2 types of social groups, solitary bulls and herds. Hunting by man was the major cause of the decrease in the banteng's population in this sanctuary.
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